Uphold Truth and Justice

“Are  you such fools, 

O children of Israel! 

To condemn 

a woman of Israel 

without examination 

and without clear evidence?" 

(Daniel 13:48)

God’s all-encompassing knowledge and understanding far surpass human comprehension. He knows everything, including what is hidden from human perception and what is yet to happen.

It is important to always seek truth, justice, and the divine wisdom that can intervene to save the innocent. This is the essence of faith in divine wisdom and justice. This faith can guide us in our actions and decisions, encouraging us to uphold truth and justice in our own lives. Let us have a deep faith in God’s omniscience. 

In realms unseen, where human minds can't tread,

God's wisdom vast, a tapestry is spread.

He knows it all, the hidden and the seen,

The past, the now, and what has yet to glean.

A faith profound in His omniscience deep,

In hearts of us, let's earnestly upkeep.

To seek the truth, to justice always cleave,

In divine wisdom, let us firmly believe.

For He, the Just, can save the innocent,

His wisdom divine, a saving testament.

This faith in God, a beacon in our lives,

Guides our actions, in justice it thrives.

So let us walk this path of righteousness,

With faith in God, His wisdom our fortress.

In every decision, in every strife,

Let truth and justice be the guide of life.

Dear God, the All-Knowing and All-Seeing,

Your knowledge and understanding far surpass our human comprehension. You know everything, including what is hidden from our perception and what is yet to happen. We acknowledge Your omniscience and place our trust in You.

Help us to have a deep faith in Your all-encompassing knowledge. Guide us to always seek truth and justice, and to rely on Your divine wisdom that can intervene to save the innocent.

We recognize that this is the essence of our faith in Your divine wisdom and justice. Let this faith guide us in our actions and decisions, encouraging us to uphold truth and justice in our own lives.

In times of doubt and uncertainty, remind us of Your unending wisdom and love. Help us to see Your hand in all things and to trust in Your perfect plan.

In Your holy name, we pray. Amen.

Pericope:

III: Appendix

SUSANNA'S VIRTUE

Daniel 13:1-62

First Reading | Daniel 13:41-62 (or Daniel 13:1-9, 15-17, 19-30, 33-62)

41 The assembly condemned Susanna to death. 42 But Susanna cried aloud: “O eternal God, you know what is hidden and are aware of all things before they come to be: 43 you know that they have testified falsely against me. Here I am about to die, though I have done none of the things with which these wicked men have charged me.” 44 The Lord heard her prayer. 45 As she was being led to execution, God stirred up the holy spirit of a young boy named Daniel, 46 and he cried aloud: “I will have no part in the death of this woman.” 47 All the people turned and asked him, “What is this you are saying?” 48 He stood in their midst and continued, “Are you such fools, O children of Israel! To condemn a woman of Israel without examination and without clear evidence? 49 Return to court, for they have testified falsely against her.” 50 Then all the people returned in haste. To Daniel the elders said, “Come, sit with us and inform us, since God has given you the prestige of old age.” 51 But he replied, “Separate these two far from one another that I may examine them.” 52 After they were separated one from the other, he called one of them and said: “How you have grown evil with age! Now have your past sins come to term: 53 passing unjust sentences, condemning the innocent, and freeing the guilty, although the Lord says, ‘The innocent and the just you shall not put to death.’ 54 Now, then, if you were a witness, tell me under what tree you saw them together.” 55 “Under a mastic tree,” he answered. Daniel replied, “Your fine lie has cost you your head, for the angel of God shall receive the sentence from him and split you in two.” 56 Putting him to one side, he ordered the other one to be brought. Daniel said to him, “Offspring of Canaan, not of Judah, beauty has seduced you, lust has subverted your conscience. 57 This is how you acted with the daughters of Israel, and in their fear they yielded to you; but a daughter of Judah did not tolerate your wickedness. 58 Now, then, tell me under what tree you surprised them together.” 59 “Under an oak,” he said. Daniel replied, “Your fine lie has cost you also your head, for the angel of God waits with a sword to cut you in two so as to make an end of you both.” 60 The whole assembly cried aloud, blessing God who saves those that hope in him. 61 They rose up against the two elders, for by their own words Daniel had convicted them of perjury. According to the law of Moses, they inflicted on them the penalty they had plotted to impose on their neighbor: 62 they put them to death. Thus was innocent blood spared that day.

Background:

The passage you’ve shared is from the Book of Daniel in the Bible, specifically from the story of Susanna (Daniel 13:41-62). This story is considered a part of the deuterocanonical books by some Christian traditions, such as the Catholic and Orthodox churches, but is not included in the Protestant Bible.

In this story, two elders falsely accuse Susanna of adultery when she rejects their advances. They testify that they saw her committing adultery under a tree. Susanna is condemned to death based on their testimony. However, a young man named Daniel, inspired by God, intervenes. He cross-examines the elders separately, asking each one under which tree they saw Susanna committing the act. Their answers differ, proving their testimony false. The elders are then put to death, and Susanna’s innocence is affirmed.

This story is often seen as a testament to the importance of truth, justice, and the divine wisdom that can intervene to save the innocent. It also highlights Daniel’s wisdom and his role as a just judge. 

Reflection Source:

Conversation with Copilot

Published:

April 07, 2025, 7:52 AM

Am I Truthful in my Words?

Gospel

Matthew 5:17-37

17 "Think not that I have come to abolish the law and the prophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfil them. 18 For truly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the law until all is accomplished. 19 Whoever then relaxes one of the least of these commandments and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but he who does them and teaches them shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. 20 I tell you, unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter into the kingdom of heaven. 21 “You have heard that it was said to your ancestors, ‘You shall not kill; and whoever kills will be liable to judgment.’ 22 But I say to you, whoever is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment, and whoever says to his brother, ‘Raqa,’ will be answerable to the Sanhedrin, and whoever says, ‘You fool,’ will be liable to fiery Gehenna. 23 Therefore, if you bring your gift to the altar, and there recall that your brother has anything against you, 24 leave your gift there at the altar, go first and be reconciled with your brother, and then come and offer your gift. 25 Settle with your opponent quickly while on the way to court. Otherwise your opponent will hand you over to the judge, and the judge will hand you over to the guard, and you will be thrown into prison. 26 Amen, I say to you, you will not be released until you have paid the last penny. 27 Jesus said to his disciples: “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say to you, everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into Gehenna. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one of your members than to have your whole body go into Gehenna. 31 “It was also said, Whoever divorces his wife must give her a bill of divorce.  32 But I say to you, whoever divorces his wife (unless the marriage is unlawful) causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.” 33 “Again, you have heard that it was said to your ancestors, Do not take a false oath, but make good to the Lord all that you vow. 34 But I say to you, do not swear at all. 37 Let your ‘Yes’ mean ‘Yes,’ and your ‘No’ mean ‘No.’ Anything more is from the evil one.”

Introduction

Matthew 5 contains some of the most profound teachings of Jesus Christ, calling His followers to a higher standard of righteousness, integrity, and personal holiness. This devotional explores Matthew 5:20-22, 27-28, 33-34, and 37, seeking to understand their meaning and how they apply to our daily lives. The purpose is to encourage believers to examine their hearts and live with sincerity and devotion to Christ.

Historical Background

Matthew’s Gospel was written to a Jewish audience and presents Jesus as the promised Messiah. In chapter 5, we find the Sermon on the Mount, delivered on a hillside near the Sea of Galilee. During this time, Jewish leaders emphasized outward obedience to the Law. Jesus, however, challenged this approach by focusing on the inner motivations and attitudes of the heart. His teachings reveal a new depth to the Law, going beyond tradition and ritual.

Theological Context

The verses in Matthew 5 highlight several themes: righteousness that exceeds mere legalism, the seriousness of anger and lust, truthful speech, and unwavering integrity. Jesus declares that outward observance is not enough; what matters is the condition of one's heart. For example, He equates anger with murder and lust with adultery, shifting the focus from external actions to internal intentions. The call to let "your 'yes' be 'yes,' and your 'no,' 'no'" speaks to honesty and trustworthiness, reminding us that our words should reflect truth without the need for oaths.

Lessons Learned

These passages teach us that discipleship involves transformation from within. Jesus invites us to reject bitterness, resist temptation, embrace honesty, and pursue genuine righteousness. He urges us to seek reconciliation, guard our thoughts, and let our speech be marked by integrity. By living out these principles, we honor God and reflect His character in our daily interactions.

Reflection for the Day

Today, consider how easy it is to focus on external actions and miss the heart’s condition. Jesus wants us to be honest, pure, and peace-loving, not just in what we do but in what we think and say. Ask yourself: Where do I struggle with anger or impurity? Am I truthful in my words? Invite Christ to transform these areas and lead you toward deeper righteousness.

Poem

The Inner Path

On quiet hills, Your voice calls me,

Beyond the law, beyond what I see.

To search my thoughts, to yield my heart,

To walk with truth, set far apart.

Forgive my anger, cleanse desire,

Let honesty and peace inspire.

O Christ, my guide, my path reveal,

Make righteousness within me real.

Prayer 

Lord Jesus, 

You have shown us that true righteousness starts within. Help me to surrender anger, to guard my mind against temptation, and to speak with honesty and kindness. Transform my heart so that I may live according to Your teachings. Give me courage to reconcile, purity to resist, and wisdom to speak truth. May Your Spirit lead me each day, and may Your life in me always reflect Your love and holiness. 

Amen.

Pericope:

II: The Proclamation of the Kingdom

TEACHING ABOUT THE LAW / ANGER / ADULTERY / DIVORCE

Matthew 5:17-37

Gospel Acclamation

Blessed are you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth; you have revealed to little ones the mysteries of the kingdom. 

 

Speak the Truth

Gospel

Mark 6:14-29

14 King Herod heard about Jesus, for his fame had become widespread, and people were saying, “John the Baptist has been raised from the dead; that is why mighty powers are at work in him.” 15 Others were saying, “He is Elijah;” still others, “He is a prophet like any of the prophets.” 16 But when Herod learned of it, he said, “It is John whom I beheaded. He has been raised up.” 17 Herod was the one who had John arrested and bound in prison on account of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, whom he had married. 18 John had said to Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother’s wife.” 19 Herodias harbored a grudge against him and wanted to kill him but was unable to do so. 20 Herod feared John, knowing him to be a righteous and holy man, and kept him in custody. When he heard him speak he was very much perplexed, yet he liked to listen to him. 21 Herodias had an opportunity one day when Herod, on his birthday, gave a banquet for his courtiers, his military officers, and the leading men of Galilee. 22 His own daughter came in and performed a dance that delighted Herod and his guests. The king said to the girl, “Ask of me whatever you wish and I will grant it to you.” 23 He even swore many things to her, “I will grant you whatever you ask of me, even to half of my kingdom.” 24 She went out and said to her mother, “What shall I ask for?” Her mother replied, “The head of John the Baptist.” 25 The girl hurried back to the king’s presence and made her request, “I want you to give me at once on a platter the head of John the Baptist.” 26 The king was deeply distressed, but because of his oaths and the guests he did not wish to break his word to her. 27 So he promptly dispatched an executioner with orders to bring back his head. He went off and beheaded him in the prison. 28 He brought in the head on a platter and gave it to the girl. The girl in turn gave it to her mother. 29 When his disciples heard about it, they came and took his body and laid it in a tomb.

Historical Background

Mark 6:14-29 recounts the story of John the Baptist’s execution by Herod Antipas. Herod ruled Galilee and Perea under Roman authority during the early first century. John’s public condemnation of Herod’s marriage to Herodias, his brother’s former wife, challenged both Jewish law and Herod’s authority, creating political and religious tension. Herodias harbored resentment toward John, leading to the dramatic events of his imprisonment and eventual beheading at her request during Herod’s birthday banquet.

Theological Context

This passage highlights the cost of prophetic truth-telling and the dangers of compromised leadership. John the Baptist stands as a symbol of unwavering commitment to God's righteousness, even in the face of mortal peril. Herod’s moral weakness—his fear of public opinion and inability to resist manipulation—contrasts sharply with John’s integrity. The narrative foreshadows the rejection and suffering Jesus Himself will endure, underscoring themes of sacrifice, justice, and the challenge of discipleship in a world resistant to divine truth.

Learning Lessons

Holding onto anger and seeking revenge only leads to destructive outcomes. We should not compromise our morals because of peer pressure. We should stand up for what is right, be courageous in our convictions, seek justice, and live with integrity, even in the face of danger or opposition.  Let us be advocates for justice and righteousness, standing against wrongs even when it is difficult.

Reflection for the Day

Mark 6:14-29 invites us to reflect on the courage required to speak truth and the consequences of standing for what is right. In our own lives, we may encounter situations where doing the right thing is unpopular or risky. This passage calls us to examine our willingness to follow God’s call, even when it leads to personal cost. Let us pray for the strength to act with integrity and for hearts open to the transformative power of God’s truth, trusting that faithfulness, even in adversity, bears witness to God’s kingdom.

Poem

John spoke with courage, clear and bold, 

To Herod, tales of truth were told. 

"It is not lawful," John did declare, 

For Herod's sin, he could not bear.

Herodias' grudge, a burning flame, 

Sought John's life, to end his name. 

But Herod feared the holy man, 

And kept him safe within his plan.

Though in the shadows, John did stay, 

His words of truth would light the way. 

For righteousness, his heart did yearn, 

In Herod's court, his spirit burned.

Prayer

Lord Jesus, 

You gave John the courage to speak the truth, even when faced with danger and opposition. Help us to stand firm in our convictions, and to trust in Your guidance and protection.

Grant us the strength to speak out against injustice, and the wisdom to do so with love and compassion. May we be righteous and holy in Your sight, and find comfort in Your presence, even in times of trial.

Amen.

Pericope:

II: The Mystery of Jesus

HEROD'S OPINION OF JESUS / THE DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST

Mark 6:14-16 / 17-29

Gospel Acclamation

Blessed are they who have kept the word with a generous heart and yield a harvest through perseverance.

Reflection Source:

Conversation with Copilot

Published:

February 07, 2025, 11:19 AM

Know the Truth

"If you continue 

in my word, 

you are truly 

my disciples, 

and you will 

know the truth, 

and the truth 

will make you free." 

(John 8:31)

And by this we may be sure that we know him, if we keep his commandments. He who says "I know him" but disobeys his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in him (1 John 2:3-4). "Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!" (Luke 11:28)

"You seek to kill me, a man who has told you the truth which I heard from God" (John 8:40).

Published:

December 31, 2024, 6:21 AM

December 30, 2010, 9:19 AM

Authenticity’s Call

 

Gospel 

Matthew 23:27-32

27 Jesus said, “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites. You are like whitewashed tombs, which appear beautiful on the outside, but inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of filth. 28 Even so, on the outside you appear righteous, but inside you are filled with hypocrisy and evildoing. 29 “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites. You build the tombs of the prophets and adorn the memorials of the righteous, 30 and you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have joined them in shedding the prophets’ blood.’ 31 Thus you bear witness against yourselves that you are the children of those who murdered the prophets; 32 now fill up what your ancestors measured out!”

Jesus delivers a powerful rebuke to the religious leaders of His time. He compares them to “whitewashed tombs” – beautiful on the outside but filled with decay and uncleanness within. These leaders appeared righteous outwardly but were hypocritical and wicked. Jesus warns them that their actions testify against them, as they continue the legacy of those who persecuted and killed the prophets. 

The lesson here is that true righteousness goes beyond mere appearances. It’s about inner authenticity and a heart transformed by God. We should examine our own lives: Are we genuine in our faith, or are we merely putting on a show for others? Let’s prioritize authenticity over external displays of religiosity.

Jesus points out that these leaders continue the legacy of those who persecuted and killed the prophets. Their actions testify against them. Consistency matters – our behavior should align with our beliefs. As followers of Christ, we must live out our faith practically. Our words and actions should reflect the love, grace, and truth we profess.

Jesus warns against false teachings. We need discernment to distinguish between true and false doctrine. Let’s seek truth by studying God’s Word diligently. Be cautious of rumors, half-truths, and misleading teachings. The Bible is our anchor.

Jesus calls the leaders to repentance. We, too, need to examine our hearts, confess our sins, and turn to God. Transformation happens when we allow the Holy Spirit to work in us. Let’s be open to change, growth, and sanctification.

Authenticity’s Call

True righteousness transcends mere show, 

Beyond external piety, it seeks to know, 

The heart transformed, the inner flame, 

Where faith and deeds align, in Jesus’ name.

No masquerade of religiosity we wear, 

But authenticity, a garment rare, 

Our lives transparent, our motives pure, 

Reflecting grace and love, steadfast and sure.

Beware false teachings, whispers in disguise, 

Half-truths that lead astray, veiled lies, 

Seek wisdom in God’s Word, the anchor firm, 

Diligently study, discern, and learn.

Like Jesus, we’re called to turn and repent, 

Examine our hearts, our flaws relent, 

The Holy Spirit’s work, a sanctifying fire, 

Changing us from within, our true desire.

So let us walk this path with open hearts, 

Embrace transformation, where grace imparts, 

Authenticity, consistency, and faith’s sweet song, 

In Christ alone, we find where we belong. 

A Prayer for Authentic Transformation

Dear Lord Jesus,

In the quiet chambers of our souls, we come before You. We recognize that true righteousness is not a mere façade, but a profound transformation—a work of grace that begins within.

Authenticity: Help us, Lord, to be genuine in our faith. May our hearts align with Your truth, and may our lives reflect the inner authenticity that comes from knowing You. Let us not merely put on a show for others but seek to honor You in all we do.

Consistency: Grant us consistency, O Savior. May our behavior align with our beliefs. As followers of Christ, may our words and actions mirror the love, grace, and truth we profess. Let our lives be a living testimony to Your redeeming work.

Discernment: In a world filled with voices, give us discernment. Help us distinguish between true and false teachings. May we diligently study Your Word—the anchor that holds us steady. Guard us against rumors, half-truths, and misleading doctrines.

Repentance: Like the leaders of old, we, too, need to repent. Search our hearts, Lord. Reveal any hidden sin, pride, or waywardness. May we confess our shortcomings and turn to You. Let the Holy Spirit work within us, transforming us day by day.

Openness to Change: Lord, we surrender to Your sanctifying work. Change us from the inside out. May we be open to growth, to the refining fire of Your Spirit. Let our lives be a canvas where Your grace paints a masterpiece of redemption.

In Jesus’ name, we pray. Amen.

Pericope:

VI: Ministry in Judea and Jerusalem

DENUNCIATION OF THE SCRIBES AND PHARISEES

Matthew 23:1-36

Gospel Acclamation

Whoever keeps the word of Christ, the love of God is truly perfected in him.

Reflection Source

Conversation with Copilot

Walk in Truth and Integrity

Search me, O Lord, and try me; 

test my soul and my heart. 

For your mercy is before my eyes, 

and I walk in Your truth.

(Psalm 26:2-3)

Father in heaven, 

You have given me a heart to be more than content and satisfied with the love, graces, blessings, healing and miracles that You bring me each day. 

I can truly say that indeed, You have freed me from the clutches of those who takes advantage of their position in order to materially enrich themselves. Although I am no longer part of corrupt politics, I pray for them O Lord that You will give them your heart of love so that they may be true servants of Your people. 

Thank you for keeping my joy, happiness and peace of just spending my life with my love ones and family. 

With much love I pray in Jesus Name. 

Amen.

Published:

July 01, 2025, 7:35 AM

July 04, 2023, 9:48 AM

Consecrate in the Truth

"Consecrate them 

in the truth.

Your word is truth.

As you sent me 

into world, 

so I sent them 

into the world.

 And I consecrate 

myself for them, 

so that they also may be

consecrated in truth.”

(John 17:17-19)

Jesus desires that we have the full measure of His joy within us as His disciples. The joy of the Lord is our strength. We need divine protection in a world filled with spiritual dangers. God’s word is truth. As believers, we have been sanctified to by the truth. We live in the world but not be of the world. Let us continue Jesus’ mission in the world and to pray for others, interceding on their behalf.

In the heart of every disciple, a joy does reside,

A joy from Jesus, in whom we confide.

The joy of the Lord, our strength, our song,

Guiding us, uplifting us, making us strong.

In a world of dangers, seen and unseen,

We need divine protection, a shield serene.

God's word is truth, a beacon so bright,

Guiding us through the darkest night.

As believers, by truth, we've been sanctified,

In God's love and grace, we have confided.

Though we live in the world, we're not of its mold,

In God's kingdom, we have a stronghold.

Jesus' mission in the world, we continue to uphold,

Spreading His love, a story to be told.

Praying for others, interceding in prayer,

Showing God's love, His mercy, His care.

Dear Lord Jesus,

We come before You, acknowledging Your desire for us to have the full measure of Your joy within us. We understand that the joy of the Lord is our strength, and we seek to experience this joy in our daily lives.

We recognize the spiritual dangers in the world and pray for Your divine protection. Guard us from harm and guide us in Your ways.

We affirm that Your word is truth. As believers, we have been sanctified by this truth. Help us to live out this sanctification in our thoughts, words, and actions.

Though we live in the world, we are not of the world. Help us to remember this as we navigate the challenges of life.

We are committed to continuing Your mission in the world. Empower us to spread Your love and truth to those around us.

Finally, we pray for others, interceding on their behalf. May Your grace and mercy touch their lives.

In Your holy name, we pray. Amen.

Background and Learning Lessons:

III: The Book of Glory

THE PRAYER OF JESUS

John 17:1-26

John 17:11-19 is part of a prayer that Jesus prayed for His disciples, often referred to as the High Priestly Prayer. This prayer is recorded in the Gospel of John, Chapter 17, and it marks the conclusion of the Last Discourse.

In this prayer, Jesus prays for the disciples the Father has given him. Here’s a brief background of these verses:

John 17:11-12: Jesus prays for the unity and protection of His disciples. He asks the Father to keep them true to His name, so that they may be one like the Father and the Son. He mentions that He guarded them while He was with them, and none of them was lost except the one destined to be lost (referring to Judas Iscariot), fulfilling the scriptures.

John 17:13-19: Jesus expresses His desire for His disciples to have the full measure of His joy within them. He acknowledges that He has given them God’s word, and because they do not belong to the world, the world has hated them. He prays not for them to be taken out of the world, but to be protected from the evil one. He emphasizes that they do not belong to the world, just as He does not belong to the world. He asks the Father to sanctify them by the truth, stating that God’s word is truth. He mentions that just as the Father sent Him into the world, He has sent them into the world. For their sakes, He sanctifies Himself, so that they also may be sanctified in truth.

This prayer underscores the themes of unity, protection, joy, sanctification, and truth. It reflects Jesus’ deep concern for His disciples and His desire for them to remain faithful and unified in the face of upcoming challenges.

John 17:11-19 offers several valuable lessons:

Unity: Jesus prays for the unity of His disciples. He asks the Father to keep them true to His name, so that they may be one like the Father and the Son. This teaches us the importance of unity among believers.

Protection: Jesus prays for the protection of His disciples. He asks the Father to protect them from the evil one12. This underscores the need for divine protection in a world filled with spiritual dangers.

Joy: Jesus expresses His desire for His disciples to have the full measure of His joy within them. This teaches us that the joy of the Lord is our strength.

Sanctification: Jesus asks the Father to sanctify His disciples by the truth. He states that God’s word is truth. This highlights the role of God’s word in our sanctification.

Mission: Jesus mentions that just as the Father sent Him into the world, He has sent His disciples into the world. This teaches us that as believers, we are called to continue Jesus’ mission in the world.

Intercession: Jesus’ prayer for His disciples shows us the importance of intercessory prayer. It teaches us to pray for others, interceding on their behalf.

Worldliness: Jesus acknowledges that His disciples do not belong to the world, just as He does not belong to the world. This teaches us to live in the world but not be of the world.

These lessons can guide us in our faith journey, helping us to live out our faith with integrity, joy, and perseverance. (Copilot)

Published:

May 16, 2024, 5:20 AM